题目描述：

LeetCode 636. Exclusive Time of Functions

Given the running logs of n functions that are executed in a nonpreemptive single threaded CPU, find the exclusive time of these functions.

Each function has a unique id, start from 0 to n-1. A function may be called recursively or by another function.

A log is a string has this format : function_id:start_or_end:timestamp. For example, "0:start:0" means function 0 starts from the very beginning of time 0. "0:end:0" means function 0 ends to the very end of time 0.

Exclusive time of a function is defined as the time spent within this function, the time spent by calling other functions should not be considered as this function's exclusive time. You should return the exclusive time of each function sorted by their function id.

Example 1:

Input:
n = 2
logs = 
["0:start:0",
 "1:start:2",
 "1:end:5",
 "0:end:6"]
Output:[3, 4]
Explanation:
Function 0 starts at time 0, then it executes 2 units of time and reaches the end of time 1. 
Now function 0 calls function 1, function 1 starts at time 2, executes 4 units of time and end at time 5.
Function 0 is running again at time 6, and also end at the time 6, thus executes 1 unit of time. 
So function 0 totally execute 2 + 1 = 3 units of time, and function 1 totally execute 4 units of time.

Note:

1. Input logs will be sorted by timestamp, NOT log id.
2. Your output should be sorted by function id, which means the 0th element of your output corresponds to the exclusive time of function 0.
3. Two functions won't start or end at the same time.
4. Functions could be called recursively, and will always end.
5. 1 <= n <= 100

题目大意：

给定一组函数调用日志，格式为"function_id:start_or_end:timestamp"，函数可以递归。

求每个函数调用的总时长

解题思路：

栈（Stack）

栈中保存元素格式为函数ID，时间戳 [fid, tmp]

当日志为'start'时：

    若栈非空，记栈顶元素为topFid, topTmp；将fid的时间累加tmp - topTmp；

    将[fid, tmp]压栈

否则：

    将栈顶元素的时间累加tmp - topTmp + 1

    弹出栈顶元素

    若栈非空，将栈顶元素topTmp更新为tmp + 1

Python代码：

class Solution(object):
    def exclusiveTime(self, n, logs):
        """
        :type n: int
        :type logs: List[str]
        :rtype: List[int]
        """
        ans = [0] * n
        stack = []
        for log in logs:
            fid, soe, tmp = log.split(':')
            fid, tmp = int(fid), int(tmp)
            if soe == 'start':
                if stack:
                    topFid, topTmp = stack[-1]
                    ans[topFid] += tmp - topTmp
                stack.append([fid, tmp])
            else:
                ans[stack[-1][0]] += tmp - stack[-1][1] + 1
                stack.pop()
                if stack: stack[-1][1] = tmp + 1
        return ans

 

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