[LeetCode]Longest Absolute File Path

题目描述:

LeetCode 388. Longest Absolute File Path

Suppose we abstract our file system by a string in the following manner:

The string "dir\n\tsubdir1\n\tsubdir2\n\t\tfile.ext" represents:

dir
    subdir1
    subdir2
        file.ext

The directory dir contains an empty sub-directory subdir1 and a sub-directory subdir2 containing a file file.ext.

The string "dir\n\tsubdir1\n\t\tfile1.ext\n\t\tsubsubdir1\n\tsubdir2\n\t\tsubsubdir2\n\t\t\tfile2.ext" represents:

dir
    subdir1
        file1.ext
        subsubdir1
    subdir2
        subsubdir2
            file2.ext

The directory dir contains two sub-directories subdir1 and subdir2. subdir1 contains a file file1.ext and an empty second-level sub-directory subsubdir1. subdir2 contains a second-level sub-directory subsubdir2 containing a file file2.ext.

We are interested in finding the longest (number of characters) absolute path to a file within our file system. For example, in the second example above, the longest absolute path is "dir/subdir2/subsubdir2/file2.ext", and its length is 32 (not including the double quotes).

Given a string representing the file system in the above format, return the length of the longest absolute path to file in the abstracted file system. If there is no file in the system, return 0.

Note:

  • The name of a file contains at least a . and an extension.
  • The name of a directory or sub-directory will not contain a ..

Time complexity required: O(n) where n is the size of the input string.

Notice that a/aa/aaa/file1.txt is not the longest file path, if there is another path aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/sth.png.

题目大意:

给定一个字符串,表示文件系统的目录结构。

字符串 "dir\n\tsubdir1\n\tsubdir2\n\t\tfile.ext" 表示:

dir
    subdir1
    subdir2
        file.ext

目录dir包含一个空的子目录subdir1,以及一个包含文件file.ext的目录subdir2

字符串 "dir\n\tsubdir1\n\t\tfile1.ext\n\t\tsubsubdir1\n\tsubdir2\n\t\tsubsubdir2\n\t\t\tfile2.ext" 表示:

dir
    subdir1
        file1.ext
        subsubdir1
    subdir2
        subsubdir2
            file2.ext

目录 dir 包含 2个子目录 subdir1 subdir2subdir1 包含一个文件 file1.ext 与一个空的二级子目录 subsubdir1subdir2 包含一个二级子目录 subsubdir2 包含一个文件 file2.ext

我们关心文件系统中的最长(字符个数)绝对路径。例如,上例中的最长绝对路径是"dir/subdir2/subsubdir2/file2.ext",其长度为32(不包含双引号)。

给定一个以上述格式表示的文件系统字符串,返回其中包含的最长绝对路径的长度。如果文件系统中不包含文件,返回0。

注意:

  • 文件名中至少包含一个点和一个扩展名。
  • 目录名中不包含点。

时间复杂度要求:O(n),其中n是字符串的长度。

注意路径 aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/sth.png 要比 a/aa/aaa/file1.txt 更长。

解题思路:

利用栈(Stack)数据结构。

首先将字符串以'\n'进行分割,得到目录/文件的列表,记为parts

然后统计各目录/文件中'\t'的个数,表示当前目录/文件的深度

遍历parts,若栈顶元素的深度不小于parts的深度,则弹出栈顶元素,重复此过程。

然后将新的深度压入栈中,顺便统计当前目录的总长度。

Python代码:

class Solution(object):
    def lengthLongestPath(self, input):
        """
        :type input: str
        :rtype: int
        """
        ans = lengthSum = 0
        stack = [(-1, 0)]
        for p in input.split('\n'):
            depth = p.count('\t')
            name = p.replace('\t', '')
            topDepth, topLength = stack[-1]
            while depth <= topDepth:
                stack.pop()
                lengthSum -= topLength
                topDepth, topLength = stack[-1]
            length = len(name) + (depth > 0)
            lengthSum += length
            stack.append((depth, length))
            if name.count('.'):
                ans = max(ans, lengthSum)
        return ans

下面的解法十分简洁明了,链接地址:https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/55097/simple-python-solution

Python代码:

class Solution(object):
    def lengthLongestPath(self, input):
        """
        :type input: str
        :rtype: int
        """
        maxlen = 0
        pathlen = {0: 0}
        for line in input.splitlines():
            name = line.lstrip('\t')
            depth = len(line) - len(name)
            if '.' in name:
                maxlen = max(maxlen, pathlen[depth] + len(name))
            else:
                pathlen[depth + 1] = pathlen[depth] + len(name) + 1
        return maxlen

 

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