[LeetCode]Random Pick Index

题目描述:

LeetCode 398. Random Pick Index

Given an array of integers with possible duplicates, randomly output the index of a given target number. You can assume that the given target number must exist in the array.

Note:
The array size can be very large. Solution that uses too much extra space will not pass the judge.

Example:

int[] nums = new int[] {1,2,3,3,3};
Solution solution = new Solution(nums);

// pick(3) should return either index 2, 3, or 4 randomly. Each index should have equal probability of returning.
solution.pick(3);

// pick(1) should return 0. Since in the array only nums[0] is equal to 1.
solution.pick(1);

题目大意:

给定一个可能包含重复元素的整数数组,给定一个目标数,随机输出其下标。你可以假设给定的目标数一定存在于数组中。

注意:

数组长度可能很大。使用较多额外空间的解决方案无法通过系统测试。

解题思路:

利用链表(Linked List)数据结构

初始化:

数组next记录当前下标的下一个下标;

字典head记录目标数target对应链表头部的数组下标

随机选取:

首先找到target对应的数组下标链表的头部,记为head

然后从head开始,通过next数组遍历一遍链表,求出链表长度,记为cnt

接下来随机选取0到cnt之间的数,记为c

最后从head开始,越过c-1个节点,将该节点返回

Python代码:

class Solution(object):

    def __init__(self, nums):
        """
        
        :type nums: List[int]
        :type numsSize: int
        """
        size = len(nums)
        self.next = [0] * (size + 1)
        self.head = collections.defaultdict(int)
        for i, n in enumerate(nums):
            self.next[i + 1] = self.head[n]
            self.head[n] = i + 1

    def pick(self, target):
        """
        :type target: int
        :rtype: int
        """
        cnt = 0
        idx = self.head[target]
        while idx > 0:
            cnt += 1
            idx = self.next[idx]
        c = int(random.random() * cnt)
        idx = self.head[target]
        for x in range(c):
            idx = self.next[idx]
        return idx - 1

 

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