[LeetCode]Word Squares

题目描述:

LeetCode 425. Word Squares

Given a set of words (without duplicates), find all word squares you can build from them.

A sequence of words forms a valid word square if the kth row and column read the exact same string, where 0 ≤ k < max(numRows, numColumns).

For example, the word sequence ["ball","area","lead","lady"] forms a word square because each word reads the same both horizontally and vertically.

b a l l
a r e a
l e a d
l a d y

Note:

  1. There are at least 1 and at most 1000 words.
  2. All words will have the exact same length.
  3. Word length is at least 1 and at most 5.
  4. Each word contains only lowercase English alphabet a-z.

Example 1:

Input:
["area","lead","wall","lady","ball"]

Output:
[
  [ "wall",
    "area",
    "lead",
    "lady"
  ],
  [ "ball",
    "area",
    "lead",
    "lady"
  ]
]

Explanation:
The output consists of two word squares. The order of output does not matter (just the order of words in each word square matters).

Example 2:

Input:
["abat","baba","atan","atal"]

Output:
[
  [ "baba",
    "abat",
    "baba",
    "atan"
  ],
  [ "baba",
    "abat",
    "baba",
    "atal"
  ]
]

Explanation:
The output consists of two word squares. The order of output does not matter (just the order of words in each word square matters).

题目大意:

给定一组没有重复的单词,从中寻找所有可能的“四方连词”。

一组单词如果其第k行和第k列组成的单词相同,其中0 ≤ k < max(numRows, numColumns),则称其为一个“四方连词”。

例如,单词序列["ball","area","lead","lady"]组成一个“四方连词”,因为每一行每一列的单词读起来都是一样的。

b a l l
a r e a
l e a d
l a d y

注意:

  1. 单词个数在[1, 1000]之间
  2. 所有单词的长度均相同
  3. 单词长度在[1, 5]之间
  4. 每个单词只包含小写字母a-z

解题思路:

深度优先搜索(DFS)+ 剪枝(Pruning)

首先构建一个单词前缀prefix->单词word的字典mdict

深度优先搜索search(word, line),其中word是当前单词,line是行数

利用变量matrix记录当前已经生成的单词

前缀prefix = matrix[0..line][line],如果prefix对应单词不存在,则可以剪枝

否则枚举mdict[prefix],并递归搜索

Python代码:

class Solution(object):
    def wordSquares(self, words):
        """
        :type words: List[str]
        :rtype: List[List[str]]
        """
        m = len(words)
        n = len(words[0]) if m else 0
        mdict = collections.defaultdict(set)
        for word in words:
            for i in range(n):
                mdict[word[:i]].add(word)
        matrix = []
        ans = []
        def search(word, line):
            matrix.append(word)
            if line == n:
                ans.append(matrix[:])
            else:
                prefix = ''.join(matrix[x][line] for x in range(line))
                for word in mdict[prefix]:
                    search(word, line + 1)
            matrix.pop()
        for word in words:
            search(word, 1)
        return ans

 

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评论
  1. chris chris 发布于 2016年10月22日 10:59 #

    第20行貌似应该是:prefix = ''.join(matrix[x][line-1] for x in range(line))。因为你从第“1”行开始

  2. chris chris 发布于 2016年10月22日 11:04 #

    啊没有,原代码是对的,游客没法删评论,你帮我删了吧,哈哈,多谢~

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